La prima penna? Il dito. Sì, nella preistoria il dito o le dita erano essenzialmente penne o pennelli. Il vantaggio era che ce l’avevi sempre, quando ti servivano. Noi moderni, quando siamo al telefono, una penna nei paraggi non la troviamo, neanche a pagarla.
Dopo le dita, arrivarono gli steli di piante per le pergamene poi fili metallici per incidere la cera. Tutto questo in Egitto, Grecia e Roma. Fra gli Egizi, risaltava lo Scriba, un trascrittore di professione. Oltre agli steli di piante, gli Egizi usavano delle cannucce vuote con una punta alla base e una mescola di polvere di carbone e sostanze vegetali, come inchiostro.
Con i Greci e con i Romani non cambiò molto, se non per la punta in metallo. Dal V secolo dopo Cristo, e fino al Medioevo, si passò alle penne ricavate dalle piume di uccello: ecco perché penna.
Per passare dalle piume di uccello alla stilografica, bisognerà arrivare al 1800. Iniziò la produzione di pennini metallici, che però avevano 2 inconvenienti: estrema rigidità e perdita dell’inchiostro sui fogli, che ovviamente dava un aspetto disordinato allo scritto. Nacque così l’idea, e fu dell’editore inglese James Perry, di produrre pennini più flessibili e più facili quindi da usare; per ovviare alla perdita di inchiostro sulla carta, si pensò di montare il pennino su un cilindro vuoto all’interno, ed ecco così la stilografica e questa invenzione si deve a Lewis Waterman.
Waterman, oggi è diventata una parola per indicare alcune stilografiche, esattamente come quando diciamo “biro”. Làszlò Birò è stato un giornalista ungherese che con il fratello chimico, nel 1936 inventò la penna a sfera. La necessità di una penna alternativa alla stilografica, gli suggerì l’idea di una piccola sfera inserita alla base di una cartuccia di inchiostro; questa sfera, roteando prendeva l’inchiostro nella giusta quantità, rendendo la scrittura più veloce, e soprattutto più asciutta. Scrivendo con la penna a sfera, non era più necessario aspettare che il testo scritto si asciugasse e si eliminava il rischio che troppo inchiostro sporcasse i fogli, soprattutto quando si trattava di documenti.
Oggi, si scrive poco a mano ed è un peccato. Io stessa per scrivere sul blog, uso solo il mio computer portatile, ma potrei benissimo scrivere le bozze a mano. Il cellulare poi, ha sostituito quasi completamente foglio e penna: ma non ci viene mai voglia di prendere un quaderno e una penna e scrivere in modo tradizionale? Pensate che io sono mancina e quando andavo a scuola avevo sempre il mignolo sinistro sporco di inchiostro. E ormai, sono anni che non si sporca più.
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